In the high tech age of today, business are lookin Essay Example For Students

In the innovative period of today, business are lookin Essay MIAg for better approaches to grow and get their items out to the market. We as of now have numerous laws and associations that urge this and attempt to assist the partnerships. NAFTA, GATT, WTO and EECU are good to go up in view of partnerships. We are on the whole taking a stab at a free market economy with the goal that everybody gets an opportunity however what dangers will that force on the purchaser. That is the place the MAI comes in. The Multinational Agreement of Investors is attempting to go after The MAI has been being talked about since 1995. It began as a thought in the WTO and when a portion of the littler nations dismissed it, it went to the Economic Cooperation and Development. This association is comprised of the 29 wealthiest nations which are home to 95% of the best 500 partnerships. This new understanding is exceptionally solid and that is the reason it is as yet being held up in the conversation stage. On the off chance that it comes genuine it will permit compan ies to manufacture anyplace and make what they need that they feel that they can sell. it will likewise let the corps. move legislative center all the more unreservedly. The principle perspective for this is it will dispose of separation of the enterprises nationality. The defeats are that it enables the enterprises to suegovernment of the nation that it is in if the partnership feels that its entitlement to make benefit is being hurt. his comes as a major issue since then the company no longer needs to stress over doing things a specific route as long as they bring in cash. This leaves the individuals in the state defenseless against their contamination and evaluating power. Starting at now this understanding is as yet being held up in light of the fact that France and Canada dropped out of the conversations because of the enormous Non-Government Organizations that are fighting the MAI. Different nations are attempting to restore it since they think over the long haul it will be helpful as we globolize are economies more. I am extremely happy that the MAI is being held up the present moment. I feel that letting a company become its own sovereign state is going to far. I need to have my offer in bringing in cash yet it is as yet critical to regard others accepts and that is the thing that the MAI doesn't do. In the event that that got passed I feel that we would at long last have a free market economy and that it would squash everything. List of sources:

Ellen Foster :: essays research papers

At ten years old, most youngsters are subject to their folks for everything in their lives requiring a lot of consideration and care. In any case, Ellen, the primary character and hero of the novel Ellen Foster, embodies a generous measure of autonomy and develop, levelheaded idea as a ten-year-old young lady. The ongoing demise of her mom sends her on a mission for the perfect family, or anyplace her dad, who had demonstrated lack of care to both she and her delicate mother, was definitely not. Kaye Gibbons’ utilization of basic word usage, plain exchange, and a remarkable story structure in her first novel, Ellen Foster, permits the peruser to investigate the feelings and considerations of this courageous, ten-year-old young lady displayed after Gibbons’ own encounters as a little youngster. 	Kaye Gibbons’ encounters as a kid are the establishments for this stunning adventure of a youthful girl’s shocking recollections of her adolescence. As with Ellen, Gibbons’ guardians both passed on before she was twelve-years of age framing the premise of the plot and subjects of this novel. The affectionate recollections she had of her mom and the unforgiving ones of her dad are reflected in the considerations and activities of Ellen. The oversimplified and humble demeanor that the two Gibbons and Ellen typify in the novel is depicted through word usage and exchange all through the novel permits the crowd to increase a superior comprehension and individual empathy for both the character and creator. 	The tale is written in a short, uneven sentence structure utilizing straightforward word decision, or lingual authority, in a continuous flow to empower the peruser to see the novel in the normal of an eleven-year-old young lady. One short, straightforward sentence is trailed by another , relating each in a simple progression of considerations. Gibbons permits this surge of considerations to again accentuate the puerile impression of life’s most prominent disasters. For instance, Gibbons utilizes the basic lingual authority and continuous flow as Ellen looks herself for the genuine individual she is. Gibbons utilizes this to show the peruser how Ellen is a normal young lady who appreciates everything typical youngsters relish and to differentiate the credulous clarity of the sentences to the profundity of the originations which Ellen has such an oversimplified method of clarifying. 	Gibbons’ and Ellen’s nerve racking past is connected in the novel through Ellen’s inward considerations and the exchange between characters. Be that as it may, when Ellen banters with different characters, Gibbons decided not to utilize quotes or then again any of the conventional techniques for reporting discourse between characters; she Ellen Foster :: expositions look into papers At ten years old, most youngsters are reliant on their folks for everything in their lives requiring a lot of consideration and care. Be that as it may, Ellen, the fundamental character and hero of the novel Ellen Foster, embodies a generous measure of freedom and develop, discerning idea as a ten-year-old young lady. The ongoing demise of her mom sends her on a journey for the perfect family, or anyplace her dad, who had demonstrated lack of concern to both she and her delicate mother, was definitely not. Kaye Gibbons’ utilization of basic word usage, plain exchange, and a one of a kind story structure in her first novel, Ellen Foster, permits the peruser to investigate the feelings and considerations of this chivalrous, ten-year-old young lady demonstrated after Gibbons’ own encounters as a little youngster. 	Kaye Gibbons’ encounters as a kid are the establishments for this stunning adventure of a youthful girl’s unfortunate recollections of her adolescence. As with Ellen, Gibbons’ guardians both kicked the bucket before she was twelve-years of age shaping the premise of the plot and subjects of this novel. The affectionate recollections she had of her mom and the cruel ones of her dad are reflected in the contemplations and activities of Ellen. The oversimplified and humble disposition that the two Gibbons and Ellen typify in the novel is depicted through word usage and discourse all through the novel permits the crowd to increase a superior comprehension and individual empathy for both the character and creator. 	The tale is written in a short, uneven sentence structure utilizing basic word decision, or lingual authority, in a continuous flow to empower the peruser to see the novel in the objective of an eleven-year-old young lady. One short, straightforward sentence is trailed by another , relating each in a simple progression of musings. Gibbons permits this surge of considerations to again accentuate the adolescent view of life’s most noteworthy catastrophes. For instance, Gibbons utilizes the basic style and continuous flow as Ellen looks herself for the genuine individual she is. Gibbons utilizes this to show the peruser how Ellen is a normal young lady who appreciates everything typical kids relish and to differentiate the guileless clarity of the sentences to the profundity of the originations which Ellen has such an oversimplified method of clarifying. 	Gibbons’ and Ellen’s nerve racking past is connected in the novel through Ellen’s inward contemplations and the discourse between characters. Be that as it may, when Ellen speaks with different characters, Gibbons decided not to utilize quotes or then again any of the proper techniques for recording discourse between characters; she

How Are Headaches and Stress Connected

How Are Headaches and Stress Connected Stress Management Effects on Health Print How Are Headaches and Stress Connected? By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Shaheen Lakhan, MD, PhD, FAAN on February 01, 2020 Shaheen Lakhan, MD, PhD, is an award-winning physician-scientist and clinical development specialist. Learn about our Medical Review Board Shaheen Lakhan, MD, PhD, FAAN Updated on February 18, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living JGI/Jamie Grill/Blend Images/Getty Images If stressful events seem to give you a headache, youre not alone. Many people suffer from headaches that appear to be triggered or exacerbated by stress. But is there a real link? and if so, what is it? Heres what you need to know. Are Headaches Caused by Stress? Many people may wonder if headaches are a direct result of stress. The answer is yes, no, and maybe. Stress can cause many headaches and they can exacerbate others. However, knowing the type of headache you are dealing with can help you to know if stress is a trigger, a contributor, or simply a by-product of the type of headache you are experiencing, so you know the best ways to focus on pain relief and prevention. While some headaches are blamed entirely on stress, there can be other factors at play as well; likewise, some headaches can be blamed on a predisposition to headaches when stress can be a primary trigger. In all cases, it helps to understand more about the nature of the headaches you are experiencing and their relationship to stress. There are three different types of headaches, two of which are not caused primarily by stress, and one that may be: Migraine Headaches: Headaches associated with migraines can be severe and even debilitating, and can last from four to 72 hours.?? These headaches are usually on one side of the head (unilateral) and worsen with daily activities like walking around. There can be nausea or sensitivity to light and sound involved, and sometimes an aura. They are not thought to be directly caused by stressâ€"sort of. While the National Headache Foundation (NHF) states that stress is not a migraine trigger, headache expert Teri Robert clarifies by saying, “Stress alone doesnt trigger migraines but it does make us more susceptible to our triggers.” So, in a way, stress increases migraines  but isn’t mentioned as a direct cause.Secondary Headaches: This is the umbrella under which fall all headaches are caused by more serious conditions such as brain tumors and strokes. They are also not directly caused by stress. Although, in the same way, that stress makes us more susceptible to illness, and those illnesses can cause headaches, stress is indirectly related to secondary headaches.Tension Headaches: These headaches, also called “stress headaches,” are experienced periodically by more than one-third of adults. They involve both sides of the head and generally feel like a tightness in the forehead or back of the neck. They’re not generally debilitating; people with tension headaches can normally go about their regular activities. Those who experience them usually don’t have them more than once or twice a month, to varying degrees.?? And, as the name suggests, they are thought to be directly caused by stress. Managing and Preventing Headaches Because the majority of headaches experienced by adults are tension headaches, and these headaches are caused (at least in part) by stress, a great proportion of these headaches can be avoided or at least minimized with effective stress management techniques. Additionally, because stress can make migraine sufferers more susceptible to their migraine triggers, stress relief techniques can help avoid many of these severe headaches as well.?? And, finally, because stress management techniques can strengthen the immune system (or keep it from being weakened by stress), those who practice regular stress management techniques can avoid at least some potential secondary headaches by avoiding the health conditions that cause them. When to See a Doctor Aside from the use of stress management techniques, many people find that over-the-counter stress relievers are also very helpful. However, particularly with migraines, heavier medications may prove to be more useful. And because some headaches can be associated with more serious health conditions, it’s important to see a doctor if you have severe headaches or if you just suspect that something may be significantly wrong.?? Either way, stress management can be helpful, but if youre concerned about your headaches and they interfere with your daily activities or you seem to need more help than stress management alone, its always a good idea to run things by your doctor to be sure there are no serious issues at play, or to find the help you need to be more comfortable in your daily life.

A Critical Review of the Book Its Not Luck by Em Goldratt...

A Critical Review of the Book Its Not Luck by Em Goldratt An extensive use of Goldratts thinking process is applied in the various businesses as part of the problem solving. Its not luck emphasizes the importance of using the thinking processes in business and in your personal life. The thinking processes refer to a logical, graphical, general and practical method of problem solving methodology and basically comprised of 3 steps. These steps as described by Goldratt are: 1. What to change? 2. To what to change? 3. How to cause the change? It is very clear that the problems experienced in the companies are not lone standing but in most of the cases they are dependent on each other and there are strong bonds or relationships with†¦show more content†¦According to Goldratt the process starts by listing all the current undesirable effects that exists. Taylor (2003) states that the current reality tree does not focus on the severity or the ranking but on the effect-cause-effect relationships of the list of UDEs. The next step is to find a cause and affect relationship between at least 2 of the undesirable effects that form part of the list. When the relationships are completely mapped, it is possible to identify the one core reason or problem that was under control of the facility. It is clear from the current reality tree that the core problem reflected managers are using local optima Goldratt, (p.158). It is evident that managers are in a conflicting position that is preventing them from doing the things that is right for the business. In order to correct this, it is imperative to clarify what the right thing to do is and what prevent them to do the right thing. The answer to the ‘breakthrough solution must be strived for. One of the conflicts that stood out in the examples was consider the clients perception of value versus consider the suppliers perception of value. In order for managers to conclude good decisions they must consider the need to get enough sales. Goldratt (p.160). This must be the mindset of managers not only on top levels, but on all levels. Furthermore, managers must make decisions and act upon the clients perception of value before they canShow MoreRelatedCritical Review of Its Not Luck3315 Words   |  14 PagesWrite a critical revi ew of the book Its not Luck by EM Goldratt from an operations strategy perspective. The emphasis of your review should be on principles of good operations strategy and should NOT just be a summary of the book. Table of Contents 1. Preface 3 2. Introduction to Business Strategy and its Operations Strategy 3 3. Levels of Strategy 4 4. Executive Summary of Its Not Luck 6 5. Principles of Operations Strategy 7 6. Conclusion 9 7. References 10 1. Preface

The Economics of the French and American Revolution Essay

The American and French Revolutions were profoundly motivated by economics. Prior to the Revolution, British colonies in America were thriving. Colonists paid fairly few taxes and were permitted to participate in domestic economic activity, granted they adhere to the Navigation Act, an act requiring, â€Å"that all trade within the empire be conducted on ships which were constructed, owned and largely manned by British citizens. Certain enumerated goods whether exported or imported by the colonies had to be shipped through England regardless of the final port of destination.† (Baack) Its mother country however, was not analogous. England’s debt had nearly doubled due to their victory over France during the 7 Year War and was frantically†¦show more content†¦Citizens were not permitted to vote as individuals. Instead one vote was given to each of the three estates, the clergy (first), aristocrats (second), and everyone else excluded from the first two, who w ere most commonly peasants and the working class (third) (Roberts et al. 646). Unsurprisingly, the Third Estate was outvoted and citizens within became furious. They, â€Å"†¦insisted that those who worked [for low wages] and pay taxes were the nation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Roberts et al. 646) Shortly afterward, the National Assembly was born and was determined to take France’s future into its own (Belloc, 93). The Revolutions became very different throughout the courses of each. Britain, no doubt was in a better position to fund the war. Firstly, Britain was an established country with a tax system that had proven to produce revenue. Secondly, it could afford to generate more debt to fund the war. America however, was only beginning to set up a government of its own. Although they had a Congress in place, the Articles of Confederation didn’t allow it to tax colonists and without income, it was difficult for Congress to borrow money or replace what they were spending on the war. Despite this, Congress did not receive any voluntary payments from the states. In fact, each state began producing their own currencies to make up for the lack of money; so many different forms of currency were competing with the true currency, the continental dollar. BritainShow MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting the American and French Revolutions805 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution b egan for two reasons: political and economic, while the French Revolution began with domination and mismanagement that contributed to the French society. During the Revolution many events occurred having a major effect, such as the sugar act, currency act, and the Townshend act. The French began the Tennis Court Oath, the Storming of the Bastille, and the overthrown of Monarchy. The French Revolution followed in suit with the American Revolution, because the French were inRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1294 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical and social causes of the French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 13 billion dollars on the American’s Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. I will discuss how conflicts around the world affect one another, give a brief history of the French Revolution, and explain how the revolution was fueled by an economic conflict. The French Revolution was arguably one of the mostRead MorePolitical Change : The American And French Revolutions And The Civil Rights Movement968 Words   |  4 Pagessocial movement or revolution. If the citizens of a country feel that they are being treated unjustly by their rulers, and the rulers think that their ways of governing are satisfactory then a discord is struck and conflict arises between them (Study blue). The main causes of this discord are mostly social issues such as hunger, racism, climate change etc. and/or economic issues like unemployment, poverty, inflation (Study blue). The people frustrated by these social and economic issues trigger movementsRead MoreEssay On The French Revolution And American Revolution1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe American and French Revolutions are both unforgettable historical events that have made a substantial and severe impact on the present-day society. The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783 , where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence. The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these RevolutionsRead MoreThe Major Causes Of The French Revolution798 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution paved the way for liberty and equality for the country of France. In order for this to happen, France had to eliminate some major obstacles including King Louis XVI. The problems in France ultimately resulted in a rebellion. Though the American Revolution provided a model of rebellion for revolution in France, the major concepts of the Enlightenment joined with the struggle of the bourgeoisie against the nobility to fuel the revolution; the new ideas included equality, leadershipRead MoreFrench Revolution754 Words   |  4 PagesFrench Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many caus es that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution of kingRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1184 Words   |  5 PagesA revolution is not an event that comes around every few years. In fact, for an event to be considered a revolution that event must bring about significant political, social, ideological, religious or even technological change. Throughout history there have been some very noteworthy revolutions such as the Agricultural Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution. Of all the revolutions in history, it is perhaps the French Revolution that remains the most romanticized in the mindsRead MoreComparing the French Revolution and the American Revolution Essay example857 Words   |  4 Pages The French and American revolutions are both very significant in the world’s history. The American Revolution happened first, around the last half of the 18th century where the Thirteen Colonies became the United States of America, and gained independence from the British Empire. The French revolution on the other hand, was from 1789 until the turn of the century 1799. For the French people this was a period of political and social turmoil. The idea of Enlightenment stuck a large populationRead MoreThe French Revolution Essay590 Words   |  3 PagesThe French Revolution The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution

The product proposal for enhancing and re-designing a chef’s uniform Free Essays

Abstract The following paper presents a proposal for the project of enhancing and re-designing a chef’s uniform as a product. It summarizes the project proposal providing clear highlights on the ethos of the new available designs, involved technologies and the garment geometry techniques with the purpose of preparing, developing and creating a new garment afterwards. The production description segment presents the novel features of the end product. We will write a custom essay sample on The product proposal for enhancing and re-designing a chef’s uniform or any similar topic only for you Order Now In conclusion, the paper presents recommendations on the best methods for the successful implementation of the product giving validating the benefits of enhancing and re-designing a chef’s uniform Introduction Traditionally, the conventional clothing for chefs comprised of either an apron, a jacket with a button closure or even a pair of trousers with suspenders (Kadolph, 2010). However, the kitchen apparel has being experiencing various changes to adopt more attractive and comfortable attires. With the continued need for comfort in the kitchen, clothing’s that conform well to the body of the wearer have being developed. Summary of the product proposal Research done on this study reveals that the target market for this product could appreciate a new and advanced product (Textile Intelligence Limited, 2011). The proposed product will possess a high end fashion description, consumer protection qualities and comfort as well as generate a well groomed appearance of the chef. The clothing will be well designed to protect the cook from cold from the varying temperatures experienced in the kitchen. The product to be launched will use an anti-bacterial fabric to reduce body odour and bacterial action in order to stay clean. The technology to be used in the production process will apply cooling mesh fabric to pull moisture away from skin and allow air to move in and out to body in order to keep cool in the hot kitchen while redesign the chef attire to look more professional and have multifunction on it. All these and other advantages related to the proposed new product are demonstrated in the following product description. Product description The proposed new uniform will comprise of a collared jacket and pair of trousers matching the head-wear. The clothing will be made using an advanced cosmotextile material made using the latest CAD/CAM technologies to provide the wearer with a combination of both cosmetics and textile at the same time (Cohen, A.2011). These materials have a greater edge as compared to the rest in the market citing the promotional factors of aromatherapy and plug-in air fresheners associated with them. The final garment will be achieved through the application of advanced material joining technologies for an attractive end product. The garments will be available in all adult sizes. The jackets will be white in colour while the trousers will be well furnished with a black and white checker pattern. The jacket will have two neck bands coordinating the neck part. However, the neck band will not be permanently attached to the jacket. The chest part of the jacket will have a shirt furnished to it but will not be showing. Big black buttons will be disposed in two rows to adorn the front side of the jacket. The trousers will have some De formed pockets with loop fasteners and hooks furnished on to them. The end product will be realized using the current and emerging technologies in relation to garment generation. The geometry of the end product will comprise of two zones; the fit zone and the fashion zone. The fit zone will be generated from a 3D body scan data of all possible and available adult sizes. The advantage of this model is that it the garment can be re-sized parametrically. On the other hand, the fashion zone will include modeling using certain parameters of the desired end product. The following drawings provide a clearer understanding of the intended invention. FIG 1FIG 2 FIG 3 (Source: uniformstudio.com) The neckerchief will be black in color. This will be worn shawl like around the neck and tucked inside the jacket. However, the neckerchief will be worn when gracing special occasions and therefore will not be a compulsory element of the chef’s uniform. The following picture depicts the desired image of a chef spotting the new uniform. Fig 4 (Source: uniformstudio.com) Product evaluation Ad –check and Ad-track methods will be employed as follow up techniques to monitor the performance and success of the product after implementation. This will provide timely feedbacks for corrective measure to be taken (Wulfhorst, B et al. 2006). This will also help in yielding and generating strategy flow curves for the new product in the market. Conclusion and recommendations The above findings are true evidence that the conventional chefs outfit are being faced out by new fashion trends being introduced in the kitchen apparel of today. However, it is very important to first study the market well before engaging in the process of developing a new chef’s uniform. First of all, the new uniform must conform to the requirements of all the relevant authorities involved in the regulation of this industry (Kim and Park, 1989). This report supports a recommendation by Textile Intelligence Limited on the usage of non-scented cosmotextile materials in the manufacture of chefs’ uniform. There are various benefits associated with using these materials as opposed to other materials. First, using this material will eliminate the need of the wearer to use body lotions reducing the amount of scent in the kitchen area. These materials are also known to moisturize the skin and tone the body while soothing the senses hence, providing the garment wearer a comf ortable and refreshing feeling during work. Also, the medicinal, antimicrobial, insect repelling and Ultraviolet properties associated with the materials edges them from other available materials for the manufacture of chef’s attires. References Culinary Institute of America. 2012. The Chef’s uniform. CarlifoniA. California UP. Cohen, A.2011. J.J. Pizzuto’s Fabric Science Swatch Kit (10th ed). London: Fairchild Publications Kim, S. and Park, K. 1989. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology. Emeral Publishing Press Karmakar. 1999. Textile Science and Technology. Netherlands: Elsevier Publications Kadolph. S. 2010. Textiles (11th ed). New York. Prentice Hall Stone. E. 2008. The Dynamics of Fashion (3rd Ed). London: Fairchild Publications Textile Intelligence Limited. 2011. Cosmetotextiles wearable body. Available online from www.textilesintelligence.com Retrieved 28th, November 2012. Winks, J. M. 1997. Clothing Sizes: International standardization. London: Textile Institute publication. Wulfhorst, B et al. 2006. Textile Technology. London: Hanser Publications How to cite The product proposal for enhancing and re-designing a chef’s uniform, Essay examples

Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself Essay Example

Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself Paper All Whitmans poems, not merely the Children of Adam poems and the Calamus poems, are love poems of blatant sexuality and amativeness, which was frightening to some of those who read and liked him and was a real bugbear to those who charged him with writing filthi without bothering to read them. However, sex, this rejuvenation or rebirth or new life is taken by Whitman as a proof of the affirmative and ascending nature of Gods world and of humanity itself. Sex is not something debasing or something to be whispered about behind the hand, but deserving the highest celebration. In Song of Myself, masculinity and femininity, the two components of sex, are chanted by Whitman; and whats further, Whitman brings together these two seemingly polar opposites and synthesizes them to form a new wholeness at a higher level where he unlocks his own inner reality and truth. As a start, it is essential to list some of the apparently opposite concepts that are such an integral part of all the poetry of Whitman. Group 1: arrogant, activity, day, sun, life, body and adhesiveness; group 2: docility, passivity, night, moon, death, soul and amativeness. All of the words in group 1 relate to masculinity and those in group 2 to femininity. Strangely, the words in the two groups are not opposite at all in Whitmans poetry, as they would be with most poets; instead, they are dual aspects of a new cosmic self. Whitman is attracted to energy-drawn by its glorious, magnetic charge, which is evidenced in all his poetry. Since reproduction is the prime energizing force in the universe, it would be impossible for Whitman to neglect its power. We will write a custom essay sample on Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Song of Myself, masculinity is explicitly depicted: it was the sweating, muscular laborers, not the pale bank clerk that hold Whitmans attention and love. He sings for the carpenter, the pilot, the blacksmith; sings for their strong arms, grimy and heavy chest and their sexual bodies. As well, masculine heroism can find its great expression in Song of Myself: Whitman imagines himself as a mashed fireman, exhausted but not so unhappy; as old artillerist against the attacking cannons, mortars, and howitzers. And further research will reveal that, all these masculine and aggressive elements within Whitmans descriptions relate to Whitmans own image. It was Whitman himself in his unsigned review of Leaves of Grass who depicted its author as one of the roughs, large, proud, affectionate, eating, drinking, and breeding. Clearly, in all these masculinities, there was always a bit of dandy in Whitman and a rather formidable streak of Narcissismiii. Actually, Whitman was in love with the masculine image of himself; and it is the feminine elements of his being, at the very core of his making-up, hold this love. Moreover, penetrating into these masculine physique and vitality, it exposes that Whitmans inner nature is primarily passive and feminine, which might explain why he becomes ecstatic when he describes the masculinity of energetic men, typically, in Section 12 of Song of Myself where the poet is describing the blacksmiths: The lithe sheer of their waists plays even with their massive arms. Besides the firm masculinity and heroism, there are also many instances in Song of Myself where Whitman tends to view himself as Christ. In section 10, the poet is sheltering a run-away slave and showing his democratic (Christ like) brotherly love: Though the swung half-door of the kitchen I saw him limps and weak,/And went where he sat on a log, and led him in and assured him,/ And brought water and filled a tub for his sweated body and bruised feet /I had him sit next to me at table-my firelock leaned in his corner. In section 48, he declares, In the faces of men and women, I see God, and in my own face in the glass. Whereas Christ was masculine in his courage, in his rebellion against the established order, and in his stoical attitude at his crucifixion, Whitman is also feminine in his passive humility, in his tender compassion and love for others and in his ability to calm and to take care of others. A third expression of masculinity is his boastful tone and his masculine outflo w of his innermost feeling. When Whitman speaks in Song of Myself as the cosmic I, as distinct from the personal I, he seldom writes, I said or I think or I state. Like Emerson, he does not qualify and hedge in his statements. He asserts. Few poets who have written in the English language have used the active, concrete verbs with such boldness and artistic excellence. The assertions of Whitman are far too grandiose to be contained by the standard verse forms of his day or to be restrained by rhyme or regular meter. And because Whitman is a spontaneous me rather than an intellectualized me, he must sing, or chant, or carol, as he rises and falls from peaks of ecstasy. His message is not intellectual; it is anti-intellectual; it is not moral; it flows beyond and beneath morality into a beautiful and loving amorality. It springs from a feeling, a fusion, and an accompanying certitude that is at the very core of his being. It is made possible because he is the reconciler of apparent opposites (masculinity and femininity), which are, when properly understood, not opposite at all. iv Therefore, in this stage, it is safe to conclude that, behind all the masculinities he chants in his muscularly assertive tone, Whitmans inner nature is primarily passive and feminine. Because He is an absorber, who receives and accepts all into himself. He is a Cosmic Eye who searches out and seizes all, a Cosmic Sponge who absorbs and contains all. v And after the process of absorption, the poet becomes a translator, I wish I could translate the hints about the dead young men and women. What occurs in Whitmans translation is that he accepts the peculiar and concrete as symbolic or representative-a gigantic beauty of a stallion-and then quickly fuses the particular into a cosmic view where it is elevated and submerged in deeper meanings far beyond its own limitations. vi While the masculine elements Whitman extols, explores and glorifies in Song of Myself is in a variety of its implications-firm muscularity, heroism, and the democratic (Christ like) concept of brotherly love, femininity in this poem is of a very special kind. Women of the ultra feminine, dainty and charming type are totally absent in Whitmans verse. Instead, women in Whitmans poetry are glorified for their masculine strength rather than their feminine delicacy; they are mostly down-trodden and among the laboring classes: females he sings for in Song of Myself are the prostitute draggling her shawl, her bonnet bobs on her tipsy and pimpled neck. and the clean-haired Yankee girl working with her sewing-machine, or in the factory or mill. Another female image in Whitmans poetry is mothers and mothers of mothers. Whitman obviously has an enduring and tremendous respect and praise for them. His deification of motherhood is apparently in section 21 of Song of Myself, And I say there is nothing greater than the mother of men. This veneration for motherhood is understandable, because Whitman owns warm feelings for his own mother and motherhood is the visible evidence of procreation-the force that is vital to life and to his poetry. Such unordinary femininity, for one reason, may be a result of Whitmans widely known homosexuality: as is deduced from his relationships with Sergeant Thomas P. Sawyer and Peter Doyle, Whitman was homosexual and played a passive and dependent role in his unusual instances. Thus, torn apart by these deeply felt emotional attachments, Whitman always appreciates the masculinity of women and is naturally afraid of these very feminine women, because they are rivals for his subconscious love objects. However, a further examination within a wider social background will show Whitmans homosexuality is only a superficial reason for this particular femininity. The decades of the 1850s was the most creative period in Whitmans life and it was also the highlights of the national movement of womens rights. Whitman felt great sympathy, affection, and admiration for the feminists, such as Chilton and Menken; he encouraged them to struggle for womens equal rights to men. Thus, it can be understood that, by depicting women in such a masculine image, Whitman, does not mean to represent them as D. W. Lawrence commented on Leaves of Grasses: muscles and wombs, they need not have had face at all; rather, it is a cosmic or leveling effect Whitman achieves by not making distinction; the masculine image of women actually is a reference which holds the women just as great as the men; and the mother the melodious character of the earth, the finish beyond which philosophy cannot go and does not wish to go. vii To sum up, in Song of Myself, Whitman deals with both the active masculinity and passive femininity and unites them to unveil his cosmic self. The reason that this fusion, the wellspring of his poetry is so complete, so candid, and so persistently exciting is that both the passive (feminine) and the active (masculine) components were blended and united within Whitman. It was his total acceptance and emotional extension of his own identity, with his joyous pride in its inclusiveness that gave America the miraculous volume. In addition to the joining together of body and soul, it was a synthesis of the masculine and feminine within Whitman, which caused the mystical vision and inspired his poetry. viii His poetry can be viewed as a child of this blending; therefore, its rhythms are necessarily sexual, since the fusion itself is emotional, subjective, and sensual rather than logical. Therefore, only by accepting the fact that all things, while still retaining individual identity and dignity, are in a deeper sense symbolic representatives of the same things, and that all things contains not only themselves but their apparent op posites, can the reader lose and then find himself in full freedom of Whitmans cosmic version. Only when we realize that Whitman is not a conscious and deliberate rebel, nor a mere chauvinist, nor a naive optimist, nor a discursive egotist-only when we grasp the wholeness of man and his love and vision-can we finally learn to feel him aright. For Whitmans poetry ranges beyond all studies and analyses; it is to be read aloud, to be sensed, to be absorbed, to be fused with-just as the poet fused the diverse elements of life and the contending elements of his own personality, accepting them in such a way as to create the most remarkable volume of poetry in 19th century in America. Finally it is necessary to be clearly aware that there is really no duality of paradox or ambiguity or opposites in the representation of the various masculine and feminine elements in Whitmans poetry, which has been demonstrated in Song of Myself. Day-man-life is not really separated from night-woman-death. x They all merge to become a whole; all are of equal value; and all lead to new birth and a higher level of a Cosmic self. xi As Whitman himself affirms, Out of the dimness opposite equals advance, always substance and increase, always sex. Or again, the ultimate affirmation: All goes onward and outward, nothing collapses.